| Hai hành động đồng thời | She sat by the window and watched the rain. | She sat by the window, watching the rain. |
| Hành động nối tiếp ngay sau | He opened the letter and read it quickly. | Opening the letter, he read it quickly. |
| Nguyên nhân, thay cho because | Because she felt tired, she went to bed early. | Feeling tired, she went to bed early. |
| Thay mệnh đề quan hệ chủ động | The man who is standing there is my uncle. | The man standing there is my uncle. |
| Kết quả | Prices rose sharply, and this caused public anger. | Prices rose sharply, causing public anger. |