ACA FLEX Reading 11-9

Every day millions of lights and computers are left on in deserted offices, apartments, and houses. Environmental activists say that simply switching them off could cut Sydney's greenhouse gas emissions by five percent over the next year. Per capita, Australia is one of the world's largest producers of carbon dioxide and other gases that many scientists believe are helping to warm the Earth's atmosphere, causing climate upset. A long-standing drought and serious water shortages in Australia have focused much attention on climate change. Some experts warn higher temperatures could leave this nation of 20 million people at the mercy of more severe droughts and devastating tropical cyclones.

• AGreenhouse gas emissions
• BNo clean water
• CDrought
• DStorms

When he was awarded an Honorary Degree by the University of Newcastle, even John Robertson himself must surely have looked back in wonder at his astonishing rise to success. The year was 1910, and those assembled were to hear not only of his generosity to the University, which enabled it to contribute to the pioneering research into tropical diseases being carried out at that time, but also of his humanitarian work in southern Africa, where he was ahead of his time in improving the working conditions of local mine workers. To those who knew John in his youth, it will have come as no surprise to hear of his success. He was now enjoying the rewards of the fierce determination, desire to succeed and extraordinary ability to acquire knowledge, which they had noticed in the young man.

• AMany people are aware of his achievements
• BHis contributions to research into tropical diseases
• CHe doubts his astonishing rise to success
• DHis abilities were evident at a young age.

One of Australia’s most remarkable natural gifts, the Great Barrier Reef is blessed with the breath-taking beauty of the world’s largest coral reef. The reef contains an ________ (3) of marine life and comprises of over 3000 individual reef systems and coral rays and literally hundreds of ________ (4) tropical islands with some of the world’s most beautiful sun-soaked golden beaches, because of its natural beauty, the Great Barrier Reef has become one of the world’s most ________ (5)-after tourist destinations. A visitor to the Great Barrier Reef can enjoy many ________ (6) including snorkeling, scuba diving, aircraft or helicopter tours, bare boats (self-sail), glass-bottomed boat viewing, semi-submersibles and educational trips, cruise ship tours, whale watching and swimming with dolphins.

Who won the World Cup 1994 football game? What happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play? Just when an event takes place, newspapers are on the streets ________ (7) the details. Wherever anything happens in the world, reporters are on the spot to ________ (8) the news. Newspapers have one basic purpose, to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to know it. Radio, telegraph, television, and other inventions brought competition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of communication. However, this competition merely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the ________ (9) and thus the efficiency of their own operations. Today more newspapers are printed and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to branch out into so many other fields. Besides keeping readers ________ (10) of the latest news, today's newspapers educate and influence readers about politics and other important and serious matters. Newspapers influence readers' economic choices through advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very existence. Newspapers are sold at a price that fails to cover even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main source of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The success in selling advertising depends on a newspaper's value to advertisers. This is ________ (11) in terms of circulation. How many people read the newspaper? Circulation depends much on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment offered in a newspaper's pages. But for the most part, circulation depends on a newspaper's value to readers as a source of information about the community, city, country, state, nation, and world--and even outer space.

Books and articles highlighting intractable debt, poverty and development abound in both the academic and popular literature. This addition to the debate is both timely and interesting ________ (12) it subsumes the economic debate to the broader social, political, environmental and institutional context of debt in developing countries. Debt-for-Development Exchanges: History and New Applications ________ (13) for a wide audience including: academics from a range of disciplines (including accounting and finance); non-Government organisations (NGOs); civil society groups; and, both debtor and creditor governments and public sector organization. Professor Ross Buckley, author and editor ________ (14) an international profile in the area of debt relief and this book is the outcome of an Australian Research Council (ARC) Discovery grant to explore debt-for development mechanisms that relieve debt, improve development outcomes ________ (15) aid, are practically and politically attractive to creditors and ________ (16) to regional security.

You may have heard that tomatoes and processed tomato products like tomato sauce and canned tomatoes protect against some types of cancer. The cancer-preventing properties of tomato products have been attributed to lycopene. It is a bright red pigment found in tomatoes and other red fruits and is the cause of their red colour. Unlike other fruits and vegetables, where nutritional content such as vitamin C is diminished upon cooking, processing of tomatoes increases the concentration of lycopene. Lycopene in tomato paste is four times more than in fresh tomatoes. This is because lycopene is insoluble in water and is tightly bound to vegetable fibre. Thus, processed tomato products such as pasteurized tomato juice, soup, sauce, and ketchup contain the highest concentrations of lycopene. Cooking and crushing tomatoes as in the canning process and serving in oil-rich dishes such as spaghetti sauce or pizza greatly increase assimilation from the digestive tract into the bloodstream. Lycopene is a fat-soluble substance, so the oil is said to help absorption to a great extent.

• Acan only be found in processed tomato products
• Bloses its cancer-preventing property when the tomato is processed
• Clowers the risk of having cancer only when it is consumed together with vitamin
• Dis absorbed by the body more easily when accompanied by the oil
• Eis what gives some fruits their colour

The grey wolf also known as the timber wolf or wolf is a mammal of the order Carnivore. Genetic studies indicate the grey wolf shares a common ancestry with the domestic dog and might be its ancestor. Many other grey wolf subspecies have been identified however the actual number of subspecies is still open to discussion. Though once abundant over much of North America and areas of Europe and Asia, the grey wolf inhabits a very small portion of its former range because of the widespread destruction of its habitat. Gray wolves are highly adaptable and have thrived in forests, deserts, mountains, tundra and grasslands. They function as social predators and hunt in packs organized according to strict social hierarchies. It was originally believed that this comparatively high level of social organization was related to hunting success, and while this still may be true to a certain extent, emerging theories suggest that the pack has less to do with hunting and more to do with reproductive success.

• Ais able to survive in a wide variety of habitats.
• Bprefers to hunt individually rather than in groups.
• Cwas once found in every continent of the world in great numbers.
• Dis known that many of grey wolf subspecies have already become extinct.
• Ethere is no consensus on how many grey wolf subspecies exist.

Reviving the practice of using elements of popular music in classical composition, an approach that had been in hibernation in the United States during the 1960s, composer Philip Glass (born 1937) embraced the ethos of popular music in his compositions. Glass based two symphonies on music by rock musicians David Bowie and Brian Eno, but the symphonies' sound is distinctively his. Popular elements do not appear out of place in Glass's classical music, which from its early days has shared certain harmonies and rhythms with rock music. Yet this use of popular elements has not made Glass a composer of popular music. His music is not a version of popular music packaged to attract classical listeners; it is high art for listeners steeped in rock rather than the classics.

• AA return to the use of popular music in classical compositions
• BAn attempt to elevate rock music to an artistic status more closely approximating that of classical music
• CA long-standing tendency to incorporate elements from two apparently disparate musical styles
• DHis composition attracts listeners of all taste

Biomedical jewellery, accessories which monitor the wearer's vital functions or sound a warning in response to unhealthy environmental conditions, is already on the market and promises to become much more medically sophisticated and commonplace in the foreseeable future. Today, heart-monitoring devices and posture indicators can be hidden in attractive belts; necklaces may contain portable electrocardiographs, or may register body temperature or the level of pollution in the air. If the pollution level is dangerous, some necklaces open and dispense a face mask and a ten-minute supply of oxygen. One of the less serious versions of this type of necklace simply tells the wearer if his or her own breath has reached an offensive level. Still on the drawing board are designs for attractive personal ornaments which could warn of impending epileptic seizures or migraine headaches. Designers of biomedical jewellery predict that the time will come when artfully designed bracelets or necklaces will be able to diagnose, analyse, and even prescribe treatment for their wearers.

• Aprovide oxygen
• Bmonitor the wearer’s heartbeat
• Ccontain some sort of diamond
• Ddispense a breath freshener
• Eindicate body temperature