ACA FLEX Reading 4-9

The active presence of young people on social networking platforms could be a desire to extend friendship groups, as this virtual platform exposes them to a wider selection of people. The need for human interaction through a computer-generated medium stems from a sense of social acceptance seldom experienced by some people in face-to-face communication, where there is a greater fear of ideas and opinions being rejected. Social media can also enable young people to be more empathetic, although whether this virtual empathy carries over into their everyday lives remains to be seen.

• AFace-to-face communication becoming less common due to young people’s fear of rejection.
• BCommunicating online enabling young people to bond and feel part of a social community.
• CThe inability of young people to gain social acceptance while interacting on social media.
• DYoung people becoming more empathetic in person due to sharing experiences online.

One of the first things you’ll discover as a college students is that writing in college is different from writing in high school. Certainly a lot of what your high school writing teachers taught you will be useful to you as you approach writing in college you will want to write clearly, to have an interesting and arguable thesis, to construct paragraphs that are coherent and focused, and so on. Still, many students enter college relying on writing strategies that served them well in high school but that won’t serve them well here. Old formulae, such as the five-paragraph theme, aren’t sophisticated or flexible enough to provide a sound structure for a college paper. And many of the old tricks – such as using elevated language, or repeating yourself so that you might meet a ten-page requirement – will fail you now.

• Abe more flexible and sophisticated
• Bgive a good logic
• Cmake the argument clearer
• Dincrease the length of essay

Allergies are abnormal immune system reactions to things that are typically harmless to most people. When you’re allergic to something, your immune system ________ (3) believes that this substance is harmful to your body. Substances that cause allergic reactions — such as certain foods, dust, plant pollen, or medicines — are known as allergens. In an attempt to ________ (4) the body, the immune system produces IgE ________ (5) to that allergen. Those antibodies then cause certain cells in the body to ________ (6) chemicals into the bloodstream, one of which is histamine. The histamine then ________ (7) on a person's eyes, nose, throat, lungs, skin, or gastrointestinal tract and causes the symptoms of the allergic reaction. Future exposure to that same allergen will trigger this ________ (8) response again. This means that every time you come into contact with that allergen, you'll have an allergic reaction.

Scientists make observations, have ________ (9) and do ________ (10). After these have been done, he got his ________ (11). Then there are a lot of ________ (12) from scientists. The scientists around the world have a ________ (13) of world around us.

They call it the "marshmallow test." A four- to-six-year-old-child sits alone in a room at a table facing a marshmallow on a plate. The child is told: "If you don't eat this ________ (14) for 15 minutes you can have both it and a second one." Kids on average wait for five or six minutes before eating the marshmallow. The ________ (15) a child can resist the temptation has been correlated with higher general competency later in life. Now a study shows that ability to resist temptation isn't strictly ________ (16) -- it's aIso highly influenced by environment.

Opera refers to a dramatic art form, originating in Europe, in which the emotional content is conveyed to the audience as much through music, both vocal and instrumental, as it is through the lyrics. By contrast, in musical theater an actor’s dramatic performance is primary, and the music plays a lesser role. The drama in opera is presented using the primary elements of theater such as scenery, costumes, and acting. However, the words of the opera, or libretto, are sung rather than spoken. The singers are accompanied by a musical ensemble ranging from a small instrumental ensemble to a full symphonic orchestra.

• AOpera is a drama sung with the accompaniment of an orchestra.
• BOrchestras in operas can vary considerably in size.
• CMusic in musical theater is not as important as it is in opera.
• DThere is argument over whether the music is important or the words in opera
• EMany people find musical theater more captivating than opera.

Most people don’t mind working out a bit, but are discouraged by the thought of exercising hard. The idea of sweating buckets is so daunting that they avoid exercising. Fortunately, exercise is not a matter of all or nothing. There is some reward at every level of effort, provided it is regular. Spend at least 30 minutes a day in action like brisk walking to errands climbing stairs, carrying heavy shopping or children, doing outdoor gardening. Your rewards will not be immediate, but you can expect a reduced risk of problems like brittle bones, heart disease and poor blood circulation. You work up a decent appetite and sleep well, but improvement in body-shape will be minimal. Light regular exercise helps your heart. Such activity can include anything from brisk walking, jogging, cycling, swimming, any light sport or even disco dancing. The reward is immunity to colds and flu, less stress, slightly healthier levels of cholesterol and blood pressure. The figure trims down a little but only gradually.

• AEven some routine activities can serve as light exercise.
• BIf putting your body into complete shape is your aim, you might be in for some disappointment.
• CIt is necessary to exercise different parts of the body daily.
• DPut in some aerobic activity for working up a sweat.
• EIt builds resistance to chronic diseases and infections, and your heart performs strongly.

The great advantage of early rising is the head start it gives us in our day’s work. The early riser has done a large amount of hard work before other men even get out of bed. In the early morning, the mind is fresh, and there are few sounds or other distractions. In many cases the early riser also finds time to take some exercise in the fresh morning air. By beginning so early, he knows that he has plenty of time to do thoroughly all the work he can be expected to do. All his work having been finished in good time, he has a long interval of rest in the evening before the timely hour when he goes to bed. After a sound night’s rest he rises early next morning in good health and spirits for the labours of a new day. Late Rising-The person who lies in bed late, if he wishes to do a full day’s work, goes on working to a corresponding late hour and denies himself the hour or two of evening exercise that he ought to take for the benefit of his health. Very late in the night is he ready for sleep.

• AWork done early in the morning is generally well done.
• BEarly riser does not have to hurry over any part of his day’s work.
• CSleep is most refreshing before midnight.
• DThe life of an early riser is more conducive to health than that of the man who rises late.
• EThe morning exercise supplies the early riser with a reserve of energy that will last until the evening.

The climate change: Climate encompasses the statistics of temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, rainfall, atmospheric particle count and other meteorological elements in a given region over a long period of time. Climate can be contrasted to weather, which is the present condition of these same elements and their variations over shorter time periods. Climate may be inherently variable as evidenced by the irregularity of the seasons from one year to another. This variability is normal and may remain partially understood. It is related to changes in ocean currents, volcanic eruptions, solar radiation, and other components of the climate system. In addition, our climate also has its extremes (such as floods, droughts, hail, tornadoes, and hurricanes), which can be devastating. However, in recent decades, a number of indicators and studies show more and more evidence of climate warming across the globe. A disturbing phenomenon that challenges human habits and activities which are responsible for greenhouse gas emissions. The greenhouse effect: The greenhouse effect is the process by which absorption and emission of infrared radiation by gases in the atmosphere warm a planet's lower atmosphere and surface. It was proposed by Joseph Fourier in 1824 and was first investigated quantitatively by Svante Arrhenius in 1896. Naturally occurring greenhouse gases have a mean warming effect of about 33 °C (91.4° F). But Human activity since the Industrial Revolution has increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, leading to increased radiative forcing from CO2, methane, tropospheric ozone, CFCs (chlorofluorocarbon) and nitrous oxide. The concentrations of CO2 and methane have increased by 36% and 148% respectively since 1750. These levels are much higher than at any time during the last 650,000 years, the period for which reliable data has been extracted from ice cores. Over the last three decades of the 20th century, GDP (Gross Domestic Product) per capita and population growth were the main drivers of increases in greenhouse gas emissions. CO2 emissions are continuing to rise due to the burning of fossil fuels and land-use change.

• AIncreased radiative forcing from methane, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbons.
• BDecrease in the concentration of CO2 (36%) and methane (148%) since 1750.
• CThe Gross Domestic Product per capita and population growth.
• DThe mean warning effects of the naturally occurring greenhouse gases of approximately 59 °F.
• EThe absorption and emission of infrared radiation by gases in the warm atmosphere of the earth’s lower atmosphere and surface.