Tenses · Advanced
Ngữ pháp 30/9 - Complex Sentences: Cause, Purpose & Review
Học mệnh đề nguyên nhân, mục đích và luyện tập tổng hợp.
- Lý thuyết
- 16 chủ điểm
- Bài tập
- 178 câu
Phần 1
Lý thuyết trọng tâm
Đọc các cấu trúc và bẫy thường gặp trước khi chuyển sang phần bài tập.
7. Cause & Effect (Nguyên nhân & kết quả)
Diễn đạt NGUYÊN NHÂN
Đối chiếu cấu trúc, sắc thái và ví dụ sử dụng.
| Cấu trúc | Đi với | Ví dụ |
|---|---|---|
| because, since, as | mệnh đề | Because demand increased, prices rose. |
| because of, due to, owing to, on account of | danh từ hoặc V-ing | Prices rose because of increased demand. |
| due to the fact that, owing to the fact that | mệnh đề | Prices rose due to the fact that demand increased. |
| thanks to | danh từ, sắc thái tích cực | Thanks to modern technology, communication is instant. |
| as a result of | danh từ | As a result of the reform, enrolment doubled. |
| stem from, arise from, result from, be attributed to | động từ nối nguyên nhân | Soil erosion results from deforestation. |
Diễn đạt KẾT QUẢ
Đối chiếu cấu trúc, sắc thái và ví dụ sử dụng.
| Cấu trúc | Ví dụ | Dịch |
|---|---|---|
| so cộng tính từ hoặc trạng từ cộng that | The exam was so difficult that half the class failed. | Bài thi khó đến mức nửa lớp trượt. |
| such cộng a/an cộng tính từ cộng danh từ cộng that | It was such a difficult exam that half the class failed. | Đó là bài thi khó tới mức nửa lớp trượt. |
| so cộng many/much/few/little cộng danh từ cộng that | There was so much traffic that we were late. | Đông xe tới mức chúng tôi bị muộn. |
| therefore, consequently, as a result, thus, hence | Demand fell. Consequently, prices dropped. | Cầu giảm. Do đó giá giảm. |
| lead to, result in, give rise to, bring about, contribute to, trigger | Deforestation leads to soil erosion. | Phá rừng dẫn tới xói mòn đất. |
| so, and so | It was late, so we left. | Muộn rồi nên chúng tôi về. |
Chiều nguyên nhân dễ nhầm
A leads to B nghĩa là A gây ra B. A results from B nghĩa là A do B gây ra. Hai cấu trúc NGƯỢC CHIỀU nhau. Tương tự: A results in B nghĩa là A gây ra B, còn A arises from B nghĩa là A bắt nguồn từ B.
Phân biệt so that và such that
so đi với TÍNH TỪ hoặc TRẠNG TỪ đứng riêng: so expensive that, so quickly that. such đi với cụm DANH TỪ: such an expensive car that, such heavy traffic that. Mẹo nhớ: nếu có danh từ thì dùng such.
Ngôn ngữ nhân quả thận trọng cho IELTS
Tránh khẳng định nhân quả tuyệt đối khi không có bằng chứng. Thay vì X causes Y, hãy viết X may contribute to Y, X is closely associated with Y, X is often cited as a factor in Y, hoặc There is a strong correlation between X and Y.
8. Purpose Clauses (Mệnh đề mục đích)
Với mệnh đề, hai chủ ngữ khác nhau
so that / in order that + S + can/could/will/would/may + V
The city built more parks so that residents could exercise outdoors.
Với động từ nguyên mẫu, cùng chủ ngữ
to / in order to / so as to + V
She works overtime in order to save money.
Phủ định
in order not to / so as not to + V
He spoke quietly so as not to wake the baby.
Với danh từ
for + N, hoặc for the purpose of + V-ing
This fund was set up for the purpose of supporting research.
Đề phòng
for fear that + S + V, hoặc lest + S + V
She kept quiet for fear that she might offend him.
Không dùng for cộng V-ing để chỉ mục đích của hành động
Sai: I went to the shop for buying milk. Đúng: I went to the shop to buy milk. Tuy nhiên for cộng V-ing ĐÚNG khi nói về CÔNG DỤNG của một vật: This knife is for cutting bread. Phân biệt: mục đích của người thì dùng to V, công dụng của vật thì dùng for V-ing.
Khi nào bắt buộc dùng so that
Khi hai mệnh đề có CHỦ NGỮ KHÁC NHAU thì không rút gọn thành to V được. The teacher spoke slowly so that everyone could understand. Không thể viết The teacher spoke slowly to everyone understand.
in order to và so as to
Cả hai đều trang trọng hơn to đơn thuần. so as to hay dùng ở thể phủ định hơn: so as not to. Trong văn nói thường chỉ dùng to. Trong IELTS Writing, in order to giúp câu trang trọng hơn.
9. Bài tập tổng hợp (Câu hỏi trộn từ tất cả các loại câu phức)
Phần 2
Làm ra vở - Chụp lên Zalo
Chọn đáp án đúng cho mỗi câu.
Tiến độ làm bài
Đã trả lời0/178 câu
x
Câu 1
The flight was delayed ___ bad weather.
Câu 2
He was late, ___ he missed the meeting.
Câu 3
___ the economic crisis, many businesses closed.
Câu 4
She was tired ___ she had worked all night.
Câu 5
___ he studied hard, he passed the exam with high marks.
Câu 6
The event was cancelled ___ lack of interest.
Câu 7
He couldn't attend the meeting, ___ he sent his apologies.
Câu 8
___ the heavy rainfall, the river overflowed.
Câu 9
She got the promotion ___ her outstanding performance.
Câu 10
The road was closed, ___ traffic was diverted.
Câu 11
___ she works hard, she deserves the recognition.
Câu 12
The concert was postponed ___ the singer's illness.
Câu 13
He failed the test, ___ he had to retake the course.
Câu 14
___ the pandemic, many people worked from home.
Câu 15
She missed the bus ___ she woke up late.
Câu 16
The company lost money, ___ it had to lay off staff.
Câu 17
___ their hard work, the team achieved great results.
Câu 18
He apologized ___ he had made a mistake.
Câu 19
The picnic was cancelled ___ the sudden storm.
Câu 20
She trained every day, ___ she won the competition.
Câu 21
The road was closed ___ construction work.
Câu 22
He didn't sleep well, ___ he felt tired all day.
Câu 23
She was promoted ___ her outstanding performance.
Câu 24
___ prices increased, sales dropped significantly.
Câu 25
The match was cancelled ___ heavy rain.
Câu 26
He studied hard, ___ , he passed with distinction.
Câu 27
The company lost money ___ poor management decisions.
Câu 28
She missed the bus, ___ she was late for work.
Câu 29
___ he was the most qualified candidate, he got the job.
Câu 30
The flight was cancelled; ___ , passengers were rebooked.
Câu 31
He was exhausted ___ working overtime every day.
Câu 32
She saved a lot of money, ___ she could buy a car.
Câu 33
___ the economy improved, unemployment rates decreased.
Câu 34
The trip was postponed ___ safety concerns.
Câu 35
He arrived early, ___ , he got the best seat.
Câu 36
The event was a success ___ careful planning.
Câu 37
She apologized, ___ he forgave her.
Câu 38
___ he lacked qualifications, he was rejected for the position.
Câu 39
The bridge was damaged; ___ , traffic was rerouted.
Câu 40
He went to the store ___ buy some milk.
Câu 41
She whispered ___ not to wake the baby.
Câu 42
They left early ___ they could avoid traffic.
Câu 43
He saved money ___ buy a new car.
Câu 44
She studied hard ___ she could get a scholarship.
Câu 45
He wore a disguise ___ not be recognized.
Câu 46
They built a fence ___ keep the dogs in.
Câu 47
She turned off her phone ___ she wouldn't be disturbed.
Câu 48
He arrived early ___ get a good seat.
Câu 49
I wrote it down ___ I wouldn't forget.
Câu 50
She locked the door ___ keep intruders out.
Câu 51
He spoke slowly ___ everyone could understand.
Câu 52
They moved to the city ___ find better job opportunities.
Câu 53
She wore gloves ___ protect her hands.
Câu 54
He exercises regularly ___ stay healthy.
Câu 55
I set an alarm ___ I wouldn't oversleep.
Câu 56
She whispered the answer ___ not to be overheard.
Câu 57
He took notes ___ he could review them later.
Câu 58
They planted trees ___ improve the environment.
Câu 59
She practiced every day ___ improve her skills.
Câu 60
He locked the safe ___ protect his valuables.
Câu 61
She spoke slowly ___ everyone could understand.
Câu 62
He wore glasses ___ read the small print.
Câu 63
She tiptoed ___ as not to wake anyone.
Câu 64
He saved money ___ he could travel abroad.
Câu 65
She studied hard ___ pass the entrance exam.
Câu 66
He left early ___ in order to avoid the traffic.
Câu 67
She turned down the volume ___ not to disturb her neighbors.
Câu 68
He took notes ___ he wouldn't forget the details.
Câu 69
She booked the tickets early ___ get a discount.
Câu 70
He whispered ___ in order not to be overheard.
Câu 71
She wore a disguise ___ not to be recognized.
Câu 72
He exercises regularly ___ he can stay healthy.
Câu 73
She arrived early ___ secure a good seat.
Câu 74
He double-checked his work ___ avoid mistakes.
Câu 75
She locked the door ___ that no one could enter.
Câu 76
He kept quiet ___ as not to reveal the secret.
Câu 77
She practiced speaking ___ improve her confidence.
Câu 78
He set multiple alarms ___ he wouldn't oversleep.
Câu 79
She was tired, ___ she kept working.
Câu 80
___ it was raining, they went for a walk.
Câu 81
He studied hard ___ he could pass the exam.
Câu 82
___ she left early worried her friends.
Câu 83
If it rains, we ___ the picnic.
Câu 84
___ he was exhausted, he finished the race.
Câu 85
The flight was delayed ___ bad weather.
Câu 86
He went to the store ___ buy some milk.
Câu 87
He doesn't like coffee, ___ does he like tea.
Câu 88
She stayed home ___ she was feeling unwell.
Câu 89
___ the heavy traffic, we arrived on time.
Câu 90
I don't know ___ he will come.
Câu 91
If I ___ you, I would apologize.
Câu 92
She went to work ___ her illness.
Câu 93
He was late, ___ he missed the meeting.
Câu 94
She whispered ___ not to wake the baby.
Câu 95
I need to buy milk, ___ eggs.
Câu 96
___ he arrives, please call me.
Câu 97
She smiled ___ she was happy.
Câu 98
___ you decide is up to you.
Câu 99
If she had studied harder, she ___ the exam.
Câu 100
___ the difficulties, they succeeded.
Câu 101
___ the economic crisis, many businesses closed.
Câu 102
They left early ___ they could avoid traffic.
Câu 103
It was raining, ___ we decided to stay home.
Câu 104
I will help you ___ you help me first.
Câu 105
We stayed indoors ___ the storm.
Câu 106
The problem is ___ we have no time left.
Câu 107
Ice ___ if you heat it.
Câu 108
He passed the test ___ he hadn't studied.
Câu 109
She was tired ___ she had worked all night.
Câu 110
He saved money ___ buy a new car.
Câu 111
She studied hard, ___ she failed the exam.
Câu 112
___ she is young, she is very responsible.
Câu 113
He arrived late ___ the train was delayed.
Câu 114
I wonder ___ she will accept the offer.
Câu 115
If they ___ earlier, they wouldn't have missed the bus.
Câu 116
___ being very young, she is incredibly wise.
Câu 117
___ he studied hard, he passed the exam with high marks.
Câu 118
She studied hard ___ she could get a scholarship.
Câu 119
He was exhausted, ___ he couldn't sleep.
Câu 120
He left early ___ he wouldn't miss the train.
Câu 121
___ his young age, he is very mature.
Câu 122
___ he said surprised everyone in the room.
Câu 123
If you heat water to 100°C, it ___ .
Câu 124
He kept smiling ___ the pain.
Câu 125
The event was cancelled ___ lack of interest.
Câu 126
He wore a disguise ___ not be recognized.
Câu 127
You can have tea, ___ coffee — whichever you prefer.
Câu 128
___ the traffic, we arrived on time.
Câu 129
She left the office early ___ she could catch her flight.
Câu 130
Can you tell me ___ time the meeting starts?
Câu 131
If I win the lottery, I ___ travel the world.
Câu 132
___ he apologized, she remained angry.
Câu 133
He couldn't attend the meeting, ___ he sent his apologies.
Câu 134
They built a fence ___ keep the dogs in.
Câu 135
She didn't call, ___ did she text.
Câu 136
I couldn't sleep ___ the noise outside.
Câu 137
The match was postponed ___ the bad weather.
Câu 138
I believe ___ honesty is the best policy.
Câu 139
If she ___ more time, she would help us.
Câu 140
She achieved success ___ her humble beginnings.
Câu 141
___ the heavy rainfall, the river overflowed.
Câu 142
She turned off her phone ___ she wouldn't be disturbed.
Câu 143
He wanted to go, ___ he had no money.
Câu 144
___ you study hard, you will pass the exam.
Câu 145
I wore a jacket ___ it was cold outside.
Câu 146
___ caused the fire is still unknown.
Câu 147
If we had known about the traffic, we ___ earlier.
Câu 148
___ it was late, they continued working.
Câu 149
She got the promotion ___ her outstanding performance.
Câu 150
He arrived early ___ get a good seat.
Câu 151
I was hungry, ___ I ordered a pizza.
Câu 152
She won't succeed ___ she works harder.
Câu 153
They continued the journey ___ the danger.
Câu 154
She asked ___ I had finished my homework.
Câu 155
Plants die if they ___ water.
Câu 156
He remained calm ___ the chaos around him.
Câu 157
The road was closed, ___ traffic was diverted.
Câu 158
I wrote it down ___ I wouldn't forget.
Câu 159
She is smart, ___ she is also hardworking.
Câu 160
___ she was exhausted, she finished the marathon.
Câu 161
He saved money every month ___ he could buy a house.
Câu 162
It is obvious ___ he doesn't understand the situation.
Câu 163
If you ___ that, I would have warned you.
Câu 164
___ the rain, the match continued.
Câu 165
___ she works hard, she deserves the recognition.
Câu 166
She locked the door ___ keep intruders out.
Câu 167
He apologized, ___ she still refused to forgive him.
Câu 168
He studies every day ___ he wants to improve his grades.
Câu 169
The flight was delayed ___ a technical problem.
Câu 170
I'm not sure ___ she is telling the truth.
Câu 171
If I had more money, I ___ a bigger house.
Câu 172
She finished the marathon ___ she twisted her ankle.
Câu 173
The concert was postponed ___ the singer's illness.
Câu 174
He spoke slowly ___ everyone could understand.
Câu 175
We can travel by bus, ___ by train.
Câu 176
___ living abroad, she still speaks her native language fluently.
Câu 177
She spoke slowly ___ everyone could understand.
Câu 178